A true critique of architecture follows specific criterion. The valuation will be based on the intent of the architect, the as-built structure's relationship to the plans, flow of the design, and an answer to the question: Is the space fit for purpose? Art galleries pose specific challenges for the designer. A discussion of some of those unique concerns follows below.
Site usage
The building's relationship to its location is crucial. Good architecture will speak to this association. For example: a cramped space within a row of brownstones provides a certain feeling and set of challenges that need to be addressed differently than a hilly parcel of eleven bucolic acres.
Display space
The space in an art gallery should allow for unique or interesting display of artwork. Plenty of art galleries must rely upon the mediocre and uninspiring method of repetitive rectangles, hung one after the next. This blasé jumble might be economical, but it is not the best practice. The art itself should be considered before the space is even planned.
Room to view
Galleries require a significant space allowance for art viewing. It is not enough to merely show the work. The space must be ample and appropriate for appreciating the art the way the artist intended it to be viewed. Room to move around a sculpture or step back from a painting is a necessity in good gallery design. The flow should be organic and natural feeling.
Preservation of the artwork
Temperature and humidity controls are a unique concern in gallery design. It is not enough to maintain a comfortable ambient temperature for visitors. A tight set of controls must be in place in order to care for the artworks and support their physical integrity. Light must also be mitigated to prevent any great changes to the environment and the artwork.
Good flow
Commendable art gallery design will estimate the amount of traffic and form or flow that the space allows. The proper, comfortable management of the circulation of people will influence the experience of the viewer. Considerations to the manner in which the building is situated in space, connection to the rising and setting sun, site topography, ambient light as well as artificial light will result in good design that takes the viewer on a journey. A design should gently guide traffic in and around the sights with surprise and heightened energy as the net result. It should feel right to the visitor. Upon leaving the gallery the viewer should be inspired.
While a tremendous responsibility is placed on the architect in any design challenge, the art gallery remains one of the most poignant - design within a design, art within a sculpture. One must reinforce or enhance the other without detraction.
